The recent pandemic has revealed the fragility of our democratic institutions and exposed the vast inequalities in our society. My research centers on the issue of inequities in the provision of public services. I study disparities among social groups and seek to understand why they persist and how to mitigate them. While my current work draws on justice provision, policing, and responsiveness, I am interested in expanding it to other policy areas. As a scholar, I aspire to do research that will make a difference and, hopefully, contribute to achieving a more equitable society.
Manuscripts Under Review
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Responding to a Social Justice Call: The Timing of Municipal and Police Statements on Racial Mistreatment”
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Police Presence in Schools, Armed Guardians, and Community Youth Justice Outcomes”
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Police Presence in Schools, Armed Guardians, and Community Youth Justice Outcomes”
Working Papers
- Jackson, William T. “Partisanship and Social Identity: Testing Democratic and Bureaucratic Representation in Government Responses to Black Lives Matter Protests.”
- Jackson, William T. “Narratives at the Intersection of Justice and Race: Political and Administrative Perspectives on Police Misconduct.”
- South, John M., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Linking Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Policies with Justice Outcomes: Evidence from the Sheriff’s and State Attorney’s Offices.”
- Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Arming Public Schools: The Effect of Superintendents’ Personal Characteristics.”
- Jackson, William T. “Intersecting Identities and the Juvenile Justice System: Representation vs Politicalization and Socialization.”
- Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.”
- Jackson, William T. “Bureaucratic Politics, Political Control, and Socialization: Understanding the Dynamics of Florida’s Prearrest Delinquency Citation Program.”
- Lofaro, Ryan J., Leanne Confer, Norma Riccucci, and William T. Jackson. “When Context and
Identity Converge: Policy Domain Salience, Gender Identity Centrality, and the Boundary Conditions of Symbolic Representation.”
- Lofaro, Ryan J., Leanne Confer, Norma Riccucci, and William T. Jackson. “Gender
Representation and Willingness to Cooperate: The Role of Perceived Representative Capacity and Nature of Prior Experience.”
Invited Talks
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented (Virtual) at the University of South Carolina’s Department of Political Science in Columbia, SC, 9/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Perspectives of Law in Public Administration: Through a Democratic, Constitutional, and Social Equity Lens.” Paper presented (Virtual) at The State University of New York College’s Department of Political Science and International Relations in Geneseo, NY, 4/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented at University of Maryland’s School of Public Policy in College Park, MD, 4/2025.
Jackson, William T., Milena I. Neshkova, and Kenneth J. Meier. 2023. “Justice in Black and Brown: The Impact of Political Control and Representative Bureaucracy on Street Level Outcomes” Public Administration Review 83(2): 333-352. Article presented to the School of Public and International Affairs at North Carolina State University's School of Public and International Affairs in Raleigh, NC, 3/2024.
Jackson, William T. “Perspectives of Law in Public Administration: Through a Democratic, Constitutional, and Social Equity Lens.” Paper presented (Virtual) at The State University of New York College’s Department of Political Science and International Relations in Geneseo, NY, 4/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented at University of Maryland’s School of Public Policy in College Park, MD, 4/2025.
Jackson, William T., Milena I. Neshkova, and Kenneth J. Meier. 2023. “Justice in Black and Brown: The Impact of Political Control and Representative Bureaucracy on Street Level Outcomes” Public Administration Review 83(2): 333-352. Article presented to the School of Public and International Affairs at North Carolina State University's School of Public and International Affairs in Raleigh, NC, 3/2024.
Conference Presentations
Jackson, William T. “Bureaucratic Politics: The Dynamics of Florida’s Prearrest Delinquency Citation Program.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Washington, DC, 6/2026.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented at the International Research Society for Public Management (IRSPM) in Perth, Western Australia, 4/2026.
Jackson, William T. “Bureaucratic Politics, Political Control, and Socialization: Understanding the Dynamics of Florida’s Prearrest Delinquency Citation Program.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Los Angeles, CA, 3/2026.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Poster presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Seattle, WA, 11/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented at the Southeastern Conference of Public Administration (SECoPA) in Coral Springs, FL, 9/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Partisanship and Social Identity: Testing Democratic and Bureaucratic Representation in Government Responses to Black Lives Matter Protests.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Seoul, South Korea, 6/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Seoul, South Korea, 6/2025.
Jackson, William T. and Ryan J. Lofaro. “Protecting the Citadel of Democracy: A Political and Administrative Response.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Washington, DC, 3/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Washington, DC, 3/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Intersecting Identities and the Juvenile Justice System: Representation vs Politicalization and Socialization.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in National Harbor, MD, 11/2024.
Jackson, William T. “Intersecting Identities and the Juvenile Justice System: Representation vs Politicalization and Socialization.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Seattle, WA, 6/2024.
Jackson, William T. “Intersecting Identities and the Juvenile Justice System: Representation vs Politicalization and Socialization.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Minneapolis, MN, 4/2024.
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Arming Public Schools: The Effect of Superintendents’ Personal Characteristics.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Minneapolis, MN, 4/2024.
Jackson, William T. “Intersecting Identities and the Juvenile Justice System: Representation vs Politicalization and Socialization.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2024.
Jackson, William T. and Ryan J. Lofaro. “Protecting the Citadel of Democracy: A Political and Administrative Response.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2024.
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Arming Public Schools: The Effect of Superintendents’ Political and Social Characteristics.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2024.
Jackson, William T. “Partisanship and Social Identity: Testing Democratic and Bureaucratic Representation in Government Responses to Black Lives Matter Protests.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Atlanta, GA, 11/2023.
Jackson, William T. “Narratives at the Intersection of Justice and Race: Political and Administrative Perspectives on Police Misconduct.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Utrecht, the Netherlands, 6/2023.
Jackson, William T. “Partisanship and Social Identity: Testing Democratic and Bureaucratic Representation in Government Responses to Black Lives Matter Protests.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2023.
South, John M., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Linking Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Policies with Justice Outcomes: Evidence from the Sheriff’s and State Attorney’s Offices.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2023.
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “The Spillover Effect: Police Presence in Schools and Community Justice Outcomes.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2023.
Jackson, William T. “Partisanship and Social Identity: Testing Democratic and Bureaucratic Representation in Government Responses to Black Lives Matter Protests.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Virtual Conference, 3/2023.
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “The Spillover Effect: Police Presence in Schools and Community Justice Outcomes.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Virtual Conference, 3/2023.
South, John M., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Linking Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Policies with Justice Outcomes: Evidence from the Sheriff’s and State Attorney’s Offices.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Virtual Conference, 3/2023.
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “The Spillover Effect: Police Presence in Schools and Community Justice Outcomes.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Washington, DC, 11/2022.
Jackson, William T. “Responding to a Social Justice Movement: An Examination of Municipal and Police Timing on Racial Mistreatment.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Washington, DC, 11/2022.
Jackson, William T., Milena I. Neshkova, and Meredith A. Newman. “Feminine Leadership and Juvenile Justice Outcomes: The Florida Experience.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Washington, DC, 11/2022.
Jackson, William T., Milena I. Neshkova, and Kenneth J. Meier. “Justice in Black and Brown: The Impact of Political Control and Representative Bureaucracy on Street Level Outcomes.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Washington, DC, 11/2022.
Jackson, William T., Milena I. Neshkova, and Meredith A. Newman. “The Mothering Effect: Gender, Intersectionality, and Juvenile Justice Outcomes.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Phoenix, AZ, 5/2022.
Jackson, William T., Milena I. Neshkova, and Meredith A. Newman. “The Mothering Effect: Gender, Intersectionality, and Juvenile Justice Outcomes.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2022.
Jackson, William T. “Responding to a Social Justice Movement: An Examination of Municipal and Police Statements on Racial Mistreatment.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2022.
Jackson, William T. “Responding to a Social Justice Movement: An Examination of Municipal and Police Statements on Racial Mistreatment.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Jacksonville, FL, 3/2022.
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Explaining Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System: Political Control vs. Representative Bureaucracy.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Virtual Conference, 4/2021.
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Explaining Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System: Political Control vs. Representative Bureaucracy.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Virtual Conference, 4/2021.
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Examining Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System: The Effect of Politics, Race, and Gender on Youth Arrests.” Paper accepted but not presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Honolulu, HI due to COVID-19 (Cancelled), 6/2020.
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Examining Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System: The Effect of Politics, Race, and Gender on Youth Arrests.” Paper accepted but not presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL due to COVID-19 (Cancelled), 4/2020.
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Examining Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System: The Effect of Politics, Race, and Gender on Youth Arrests.” Paper accepted but not presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Anaheim, CA due to COVID-19 (Cancelled), 4/2020.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented at the International Research Society for Public Management (IRSPM) in Perth, Western Australia, 4/2026.
Jackson, William T. “Bureaucratic Politics, Political Control, and Socialization: Understanding the Dynamics of Florida’s Prearrest Delinquency Citation Program.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Los Angeles, CA, 3/2026.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Poster presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Seattle, WA, 11/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented at the Southeastern Conference of Public Administration (SECoPA) in Coral Springs, FL, 9/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Partisanship and Social Identity: Testing Democratic and Bureaucratic Representation in Government Responses to Black Lives Matter Protests.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Seoul, South Korea, 6/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Seoul, South Korea, 6/2025.
Jackson, William T. and Ryan J. Lofaro. “Protecting the Citadel of Democracy: A Political and Administrative Response.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Washington, DC, 3/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Addressing an American Injustice: Political and Administrative Effect on Police Reform.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Washington, DC, 3/2025.
Jackson, William T. “Intersecting Identities and the Juvenile Justice System: Representation vs Politicalization and Socialization.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in National Harbor, MD, 11/2024.
Jackson, William T. “Intersecting Identities and the Juvenile Justice System: Representation vs Politicalization and Socialization.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Seattle, WA, 6/2024.
Jackson, William T. “Intersecting Identities and the Juvenile Justice System: Representation vs Politicalization and Socialization.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Minneapolis, MN, 4/2024.
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Arming Public Schools: The Effect of Superintendents’ Personal Characteristics.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Minneapolis, MN, 4/2024.
Jackson, William T. “Intersecting Identities and the Juvenile Justice System: Representation vs Politicalization and Socialization.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2024.
Jackson, William T. and Ryan J. Lofaro. “Protecting the Citadel of Democracy: A Political and Administrative Response.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2024.
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Arming Public Schools: The Effect of Superintendents’ Political and Social Characteristics.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2024.
Jackson, William T. “Partisanship and Social Identity: Testing Democratic and Bureaucratic Representation in Government Responses to Black Lives Matter Protests.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Atlanta, GA, 11/2023.
Jackson, William T. “Narratives at the Intersection of Justice and Race: Political and Administrative Perspectives on Police Misconduct.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Utrecht, the Netherlands, 6/2023.
Jackson, William T. “Partisanship and Social Identity: Testing Democratic and Bureaucratic Representation in Government Responses to Black Lives Matter Protests.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2023.
South, John M., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Linking Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Policies with Justice Outcomes: Evidence from the Sheriff’s and State Attorney’s Offices.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2023.
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “The Spillover Effect: Police Presence in Schools and Community Justice Outcomes.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2023.
Jackson, William T. “Partisanship and Social Identity: Testing Democratic and Bureaucratic Representation in Government Responses to Black Lives Matter Protests.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Virtual Conference, 3/2023.
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “The Spillover Effect: Police Presence in Schools and Community Justice Outcomes.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Virtual Conference, 3/2023.
South, John M., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “Linking Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Policies with Justice Outcomes: Evidence from the Sheriff’s and State Attorney’s Offices.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Virtual Conference, 3/2023.
Powell, Ariel T., William T. Jackson, and Milena I. Neshkova. “The Spillover Effect: Police Presence in Schools and Community Justice Outcomes.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Washington, DC, 11/2022.
Jackson, William T. “Responding to a Social Justice Movement: An Examination of Municipal and Police Timing on Racial Mistreatment.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Washington, DC, 11/2022.
Jackson, William T., Milena I. Neshkova, and Meredith A. Newman. “Feminine Leadership and Juvenile Justice Outcomes: The Florida Experience.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Washington, DC, 11/2022.
Jackson, William T., Milena I. Neshkova, and Kenneth J. Meier. “Justice in Black and Brown: The Impact of Political Control and Representative Bureaucracy on Street Level Outcomes.” Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Fall Research Conference in Washington, DC, 11/2022.
Jackson, William T., Milena I. Neshkova, and Meredith A. Newman. “The Mothering Effect: Gender, Intersectionality, and Juvenile Justice Outcomes.” Paper presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Phoenix, AZ, 5/2022.
Jackson, William T., Milena I. Neshkova, and Meredith A. Newman. “The Mothering Effect: Gender, Intersectionality, and Juvenile Justice Outcomes.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2022.
Jackson, William T. “Responding to a Social Justice Movement: An Examination of Municipal and Police Statements on Racial Mistreatment.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL, 4/2022.
Jackson, William T. “Responding to a Social Justice Movement: An Examination of Municipal and Police Statements on Racial Mistreatment.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Jacksonville, FL, 3/2022.
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Explaining Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System: Political Control vs. Representative Bureaucracy.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Virtual Conference, 4/2021.
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Explaining Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System: Political Control vs. Representative Bureaucracy.” Paper presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Virtual Conference, 4/2021.
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Examining Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System: The Effect of Politics, Race, and Gender on Youth Arrests.” Paper accepted but not presented at the Public Management Research Conference (PMRC) in Honolulu, HI due to COVID-19 (Cancelled), 6/2020.
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Examining Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System: The Effect of Politics, Race, and Gender on Youth Arrests.” Paper accepted but not presented at the Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Conference in Chicago, IL due to COVID-19 (Cancelled), 4/2020.
Jackson, William T. and Milena I. Neshkova. “Examining Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System: The Effect of Politics, Race, and Gender on Youth Arrests.” Paper accepted but not presented at the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Conference in Anaheim, CA due to COVID-19 (Cancelled), 4/2020.
